Father we thank you for this time this morning. I know others are traveling to church to keep them safe Pray that you'll bless our time give us understanding and incentive your word help us to see Really to understand types and shadows better but to see specifically how Abigail serves as this type of Christ or really I might say how Christ is revealed through the account with Abigail and the work that he accomplished for us and bless this time pray you can be pleased with it guide the conversation and discussion and I ask that it'll be edifying for everyone, and we pray all this in Jesus' name, amen. And amen, amen. So you can take a look at 1 Samuel 25, that's where we're gonna be. First, a little introduction or discussion about types and shadows. Many people enjoy reading the New Testament, thinking it's about Christ, or they're thinking that Jesus is presented very clearly in the Gospels, which is true, but many of these same people don't realize that the Old Testament is also about Christ, and that he is shown in it. Shown throughout it and that it's to point to him and so in the Bible we have an account or in the New Testament specifically of an individual finding Jesus and Recognizing that Jesus is the Messiah. That person was Philip and if you remember then Philip wanted his friend Nathanael To meet Jesus too. And so when Philip spoke to Nathanael listen to the way that he referred to Jesus or listen to why Philip thought that Jesus was the Messiah. So he says in Nathanael, John 145, we have found him of whom Moses and the law and also the prophets wrote. Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph. Oh wait, just to be clear, here's what's happening. We're getting a little momentum into the discussion of Abigail as a type by discussing types and shadows a little bit first. Go through it pretty quickly because it is something that I've discussed from behind the pulpit, but just want to make sure we have an understanding of types and shadows first. So he says, we found him, Jesus of whom Moses and the law and the prophets wrote. So prior to the New Testament, the Old Testament wasn't called the Old Testament, right? Because you can't have an Old Testament until you have a New Testament. So what was the Old Testament called? The law, or the law and the prophets. And so Philip understood that the Old Testament was about Jesus. That's why he believed Jesus was the Messiah. He expected Nathanael to be convinced that Jesus was the Messiah as well if he would recognize him as the one that the law and the prophets were About Jesus said the same thing or he said the Old Testament's about him Luke 24 27 beginning at Moses and the prophets Jesus Expounded to them and all the scriptures of things concerning himself Luke 24 44 Jesus said all things must be fulfilled which were written in the law of Moses and the prophets and the Psalms concerning me and John 5, 39 and 46, Jesus told the religious leaders, you search the scriptures for in them you think you have eternal life and these are they which testify of me. If you believed Moses or believed his writings, you would believe me for he was writing about me. And then my personal favorite, Hebrews 10, 7, Jesus said, behold, I have come The volume of the book referring to the Old Testament is written of me. What are the two primary ways that Jesus is revealed in the Old Testament or that the Old Testament is about Jesus? What are the two primary ways? What's the most common way when people Types and shadows, he's revealed, very good, thank you, Will. He's revealed through types and shadows. Hebrews 10.1, the law was only a shadow of the good things to come instead of the true forms of those realities. Colossians 2, 16 and 17, festivals, new moon, Sabbaths are shadows of things to come, but the substance is of Christ. And I really like kind of that language of substance and reality. It says, when it talks about shadows, shadows don't have any substance. They're not the reality. There's something that's casting the shadow. And so shadows, it's a very fitting way to describe types. Because just think about a shadow. What does a shadow do and not do? It kind of gives you an outline or an idea of what something looks like. You can kind of make it out. There's a lot of details missing. It doesn't reveal it completely. or exactly, and that's what the Old Testament does with Christ. It didn't completely reveal him, but it gives you this outline or image of what to expect or what Christ looks like. And the other thing, the other reason it's fitting is nobody looks at a shadow and thinks that it's the reality. Nobody looks at the shadow of a tree and says that's a tree. Or nobody sees a shadow of a car and thinks that that shadow has any substance or thinks that it's actually the car. So the substance of the reality of the shadows themselves is found in Christ. The New Testament identifies many types and shadows of Christ in the Old Testament. So some of them we have to conclude ourselves, but many of them are identified for us. One of the most recent ones we discussed, I don't even know if I'd call it a type or a shadow because it's actually called a sign. And what's that? Or who's that? Who served as possibly not a type, but the sign of Christ? Jonah, he is the sign that Jesus gave when they asked him to legitimize his messiahship. He said, just as Jonah, three days, three nights in the belly of the fish, so will I be three days, three nights in the heart of the earth. And so that's why I hesitate to even call Jonah a type or a shadow because Jesus said that he's a sign and said he's the only sign that would be given. John 3.14, just as what was lifted up in the wilderness, so would the Son of Man be lifted up. Serpent, you've got these people that are bitten by snakes, right? They're suffering, and if they look to this bronze serpent that's lifted up, they will be saved, just as people who look to Christ being lifted up on the cross will be saved. And the bronze serpent, the idea that serpent is a picture of sin, bronze is a picture of fire or judgment because it's worked, metals are worked through the fire, and so you've got sin being lifted up and judged. I mean, because you say, why a bronze serpent? Well, it's a perfectly fitting picture or type because bronze being the picture of fire or judgment, serpent of sin, you've got sin being lifted up and judged in the bronze serpent and those that looked to it would be saved. John 6, we know that Jesus compared himself with the bread of life. We talked about that, I think, in last week's sermon, or he's the true and greater bread from heaven that didn't just provide temporary life, but eternal life. Romans 5, And 1 Corinthians 15, if you've been attending the Moschus' Home Fellowship, you know very clearly through Romans 5 that there are two individuals who have, who are the two people who have most impacted all of history? You know one of them's Jesus. Who's the other one? Adam. Adam. Adam and Jesus are the two people who have given all of us something. Well, Jesus hasn't given everyone something, because some people haven't received it from him. But what did Adam give everyone as freely as you receive your salvation. In other words, you did nothing to deserve it or earn it. He gave you sin and death. That's what Adam gave you. You didn't, you can say, I mean, you received that as freely as you receive your salvation from Christ. You received sin and death from Adam. So Jesus, so Adam is a type of Christ. Jesus is the second Adam, where Adam brought death, Jesus brings life. First Corinthians 10.4 says that Jesus was the rock in the wilderness, and then that looks forward in the New Testament to probably John 7, where Jesus talks about the living water that will come from him. So any of his hearers that hear Jesus saying, living water will flow from me, their minds would go to the Old Testament where that water flowed from the rock. But just like the bread from heaven brought temporary life, And the rock brought temporary life from those who drank from it. Jesus is the true and greater bread from heaven, the true and greater rock, because those who drink from the living water that he provides will have eternal life, will never thirst again, spiritually speaking. Any questions or thoughts up to this point? Hebrews 10.20. So when I became a Christian, the veil in the temple was huge to me. because I had never thought I could have access to the Lord. All of my relationship with the Lord took place through different intercessors. And you know my Catholic background. So what intercessors would those be? Priests, Mary, saints, right? Then I become a Christian and I learn, no, the veil has been torn. I have access into the most holy place or the holiest of holies through the sacrifice of Christ, which tore that veil. Well, interestingly, the veil itself, this isn't my opinion, this is what Hebrews 10.20 says, is a type or shadow of Christ, that when that veil was torn, it gave access to the Father. But Hebrews 10.20 compares the veil with Christ's body, that when Christ's body was, torn on the cross, then we are given access to the Father through that sacrificer, through the veil. Hebrews 11, 17 to 19 compares Isaac with Jesus when Abraham sacrificed his son as a picture of God sacrificing his son. When Abraham was stopped from sacrificing Isaac, he received his son back from the dead because he had reckoned him as dead. That's not my inference. That's what Hebrews 11, I think it's verse 19 says. that Abraham, figuratively speaking, received Isaac back from the dead because he had reckoned him dead on the first day when he received the command, traveled the three days, and then has Isaac's resurrection. Certain practices looked forward to Christ. Most obviously, the sacrifices, every sacrifice looked forward to Christ's sacrifice. But somewhat lesser known, but as true, circumcision looked forward to Christ. and the true and greater circumcision of the heart that God would give his people. And so when, so what's interesting is you're reading the Old Testament, Jeremiah in particular, I think that's the premier book that condemns the Jews. Jeremiah was regularly telling the Jews that they weren't circumcised. And what's interesting about that? They were circumcised. So why was he telling them that? They didn't have the true and greater circumcision of the heart. Right? So here's the question. When were the Jews circumcised? Tell me the chapter, you know it. Come on, Acts 2, right? Acts 2, Pentecost, the Holy Spirit descends, and it says that they were what? At Peter's preaching, the Jews were what? They were cut to the heart. So the Jews finally received the circumcision that God had for his people at Pentecost, because that's when they received the circumcision of the heart, the true and greater circumcision. Does that make sense? All of the physical circumcision in the Old Testament was meaningless without the spiritual circumcision. And so even that looks forward, and we've got a New Testament verse for it, Colossians 2.11. In Christ, you were circumcised without hands, meaning it's not physical, by putting off the flesh by the circumcision of Christ himself, the Sabbath. The Sabbath looked forward to Christ and the true and greater rest that we can experience or enjoy in Him, of not needing to work for our salvation. And that is a rest that we can enjoy what? Every day, all week, not just the seventh day. So circumcision, the Sabbath, all looking forward to Christ. Miracles in the Old Testament looked forward to Christ. I bet we can come up with a few of them. I can give them to you. but I think we can come up with some of them. There's not a whole lot of miracle workers. So when I start talking about miracles in the Old Testament, your minds go where? They don't go to Isaiah, they don't go to David. Go to Elijah, Elisha, and Moses. Those are the miracle workers. Can you think of some miracles they performed that prefigured or looked forward to miracles Jesus would perform? But Jesus' miracles are always kind of like Elijah or Elijah's miracles on steroids, okay? They're always kind of boosted up, better, more dramatic. Jim? Yeah. Yeah, true. Yeah. This one's a little vaguer, but when Moses unleashed the plagues on Egypt, Exodus really is like mini-Revelation. When you read Exodus and the 10 plagues, you see how they're truly prefiguring or foreshadowing the 21 plagues or 21 judgments that are unleashed in the book of Revelation. When people hid themselves from the judgments that were being poured out on the earth. And I think they even asked, you know, please let mountains fall on us. Anything that will keep us from what? What did they say? The wrath of the Lamb. That's what they said. So Revelation 6, 15 and 16, fall on us and hide us from the face of him who sits on the throne. and from the wrath of the lamb. And that's why I kind of cringe when people refer to the tribulation as the tribulation. I mean, it's true, but unfortunately we associate tribulation with trials, but the tribulation is a time of wrath that those who have rejected Christ receive, but believers are spared from the wrath of God because we have repented or because we are in Christ. And so we're hidden or protected from that wrath. But here's the point. When Moses was unleashing that wrath, or God was working through Moses to unleash that wrath on Egypt, it prefigured the wrath that was going to be unleashed on the earth during the tribulation. You see how much greater it is. I mean, you've got wrath being unleashed on Egypt, which pales in comparison to the global wrath that takes place during, let's say, those seven years. And so you see how Jesus takes the miracles of Moses or those plagues in a much truer, greater way. Does anyone remember when King Jeroboam, he set up the altar, the man of God, we don't know his name. He healed King Jeroboam's withered hand. And do you remember when Jesus healed the withered hand? How did Elijah go to heaven? There's just not a lot of ascensions in scripture. Who else ascended or went to heaven? Who also then serves as a picture type besides Elijah? Enoch. Enoch is this righteous man. He walks with God. Then he was not. He was assumed or he was brought up to heaven. Another beautiful type there. So Elijah, or excuse me, Elisha fed 100 men with 20 loaves. And we have to see that prefiguring or foreshadowing Jesus feeding 5,000 and 4,000 people with five and seven loaves, how much greater a job Jesus could do. Elijah cleansed one man of leprosy. What did Jesus do? Elijah cleansed one man of leprosy. What did Jesus do? Cleansed 10. Elijah knew what Gehazi had done. So you see some of the, I don't want to say omniscience because I don't want to make it sound as though Elijah had the omniscience God has, but we do know that Elijah knew what Gehazi had done. But we move to the New Testament, and it says Jesus knew all men, John 2, 24. He knows what all men have done. Elijah's death, this is a super interesting miracle, and I don't know that I understand it fully. Elijah gets buried, and then he gives life to one person who's thrown or cast on him, right? Person springs back up out of the grave. Jesus gives life to countless people who put their faith in him. So you just see the ways that even all of these miracles prefigure or look forward to Christ. And what's the purpose of all of the prophecies, all of the types, all of the shadows? Not just to fascinate us, even though they are very fascinating. The purpose is what? For them all collectively, in the language of Galatians 2, to serve as a what? Is it Galatians 2? To serve as a what? Maybe it's not Galatians 2, that brings us to Christ. A schoolmaster or a tutor, right? All of those are just bringing us to Christ. And that's why, John, Jesus said, all of the prophets and the law prophesied until John. Jesus said that in Matthew 11, 13. Can you read that? And he said, what does that mean? Why does it say that the prophets prophesied until John? because Jesus was veiled, I think this morning, Pastor Nathan, I'm not sure how much he's gonna talk about it, but at the end of 1 Corinthians 11, it talks about us seeing dimly, not that clearly. Well, that was the case with Jesus until he shows up on the scene as the Messiah, and he's no longer veiled, John could look and do what? He could point and what? Say, behold, the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world. And so it says that the law and prophets prophesied until John because they no longer needed to prophesy because then Jesus was here. You're not prophesying. Prophecy is about the future. It's foretelling the future and they no longer needed to do that foretelling when Jesus had come on the scene. And so the prophecies only took place until Jesus came, which is why he said that. Certain people. Okay, any questions or thoughts or anything? You guys better ask some questions. I'm gonna make Chuck look bad. I'm gonna get through all my notes this morning. He thought I wouldn't. Jim? Paul spends a lot of time saying, hey, the Old Testament is not useless. It's still, it's just fulfilled now. It wasn't fulfilled before. So it's still relevant, but we can explore exactly how it's relevant. I'm not sure why he did that. Yeah, no, very good. Great application. I mean, I hope, I love John MacArthur, but it shocks me. He spent 50 years, and one time in a sermon, he said something like, yeah, I do know there's an Old Testament. because he had spent so much time, and to me, I thought, if I was at his church, I hope there's some Sunday schools or home fellowships that are doing something for the Old Testament, and I think I can say that, because you guys know how highly I regard John MacArthur, but it surprised me how little attention he gave to 76% of the Bible. I'm not one of those people that thinks, well, the New Testament's for the church, and then the Old Testament is irrelevant, because when Paul says that scripture is profitable for teaching, rebuking, correcting, You know, everything that it does for us, it doesn't distinguish between the old and new as though one is more advantageous than the other. And so I think that we should give attention to both. I've benefited greatly in my Christian life from the Old Testament and from wonderful teachers who have exposited it and helped me learn it. And so I hope we always, you know, give attention to it here. I appreciate it, Pastor Nathan's teachings in Sunday school. So any other thoughts or observations or questions? John, nice and loudly. Yeah, very good. Yeah, very good. Jake? Yeah, I was just thinking similarly, I don't remember if it was Elijah or Elisha. Yeah, we're good. Jim? in the Old Testament, because you see God directly doing stuff. I mean, we see Jesus doing stuff in the New Testament, of course, and then we see, like, after the Gospels, it's like a lot of letters to different churches. We don't see a lot of... it's teaching, but we don't really see God directly acting, you know what I mean? if you want to know how he deals with sin and how he deals with forgiveness and all of that, Old Testament is a pretty good place to see it. Yeah, I appreciate what you're saying. I think you're saying we can learn a great deal about God from his activity in the Old Testament. I completely agree with that, yeah. One really interesting one, I don't know that I've fully understood this, but if I said, when was there a time when a teacher or leader ascended and then the Spirit of God or the Holy Spirit descended on the follower or followers of that individual, what would you say? Huh? You can say Jesus, but you can also say that's exactly what happened with Elijah and Elisha. If you think about it, what transpired between Elijah and Elisha is the clearest foreshadowing or prefiguring of Pentecost. Just think about it. Elijah ascends to heaven and then sends his Holy Spirit down He had one follower, his follower. Well, there were schools of prophets, but you see the Holy Spirit come down on Elisha to then carry on. his ministry in the spirit and power of Elijah. Well, similarly, that is what transpired in Acts 1 and Acts 2, with Christ ascending, sending his Holy Spirit on his followers or disciples, who then carry on his ministry in the spirit and the power of Christ, where Jesus, and remember, what did Elijah ask for? A double portion. What did Jesus say his disciples would receive? You will do greater, or double what I have done. not greater in magnitude or significance, but greater numerically, or not greater in quality, but greater in quantity. Because now there would be 12 versus just Jesus performing the miracles. He was limited. Jesus had the same human limitations we have. The limitations of time, the limitations of movement. There were times he was fatigued, he had to eat and drink. I mean, as much as he ministered, he still was one person limited to to humanity. Well, with the disciples receiving the Holy Spirit, now you have 12 out to perform those miracles, the apostles. And so I just even think Pentecost is pretty beautifully prefigured there, where the mantle is passed from Elijah to Elisha, just like in Pentecost, the mantle is passed from Christ to his disciples. All right, any other thoughts or questions or observations? Okay, let's talk about a few types that many of these I don't think that I've talked about from the pulpit before. We already talked about Adam. If we move from Adam, we get to Abel. Abel is a type of Christ in that he's the first individual to suffer for righteousness's sake. Matthew 23 draws attention to that. You don't have to turn there. Seth is a type of Christ in that he's the lowercase or first seed of the woman, right? We know from Genesis 3.15, seed of the woman that's going to crush the head of the serpent. And we look forward to that fulfillment in Christ. However, the lowercase s, seed of the woman, was Seth that was raised up to continue that line. He's appointed or he's placed or set to take Abel's place. Enoch was a type of Christ as we talked about. He walked with God. He was not prefigured as the ascension. Job is a type of Christ that he's this righteous sufferer, and then especially at the very end of the book of Job, you see Job doing what for his friends? What does he do for them that reveals Christ's ministry? He prays, he intercedes for them. God even says, he says that Job will offer a sacrifice. and I will accept it on their behalf. I mean, you can't read that without having your mind go to Christ and think about His work for us. God actually says Job's friends will be forgiven because of the sacrifice or offering that Job will offer for them. Definitely takes our minds to Christ. Melchizedek, a type of Christ, such a strong type of Christ that some people think Melchizedek was Christ. We've talked about Melchizedek a few months ago. Don't wanna give him a lot of attention, but he was the first king and priest to occupy both offices, the king of righteousness and the king of peace, looking forward to Christ. Abraham, he's a type of Christ through his, I think the simplest way to say it is, when Jesus said, I have nowhere to lay my head, that was the life and minister of Abraham who was sent out from his country, just like Christ was sent out. Isaac, a type of the sacrifice, and then resurrection on the third day. Jacob was a type of Christ and that he's the chosen one who's named Israel by God. So before Israel was a nation, Israel was obviously a person. And the fact that the name Israel was first given to a person reveals the anti-typical typology or anti-typical nature of Israel itself because Israel is presented as a person throughout the Old Testament, a person that repeatedly failed God. The true Israel to come and be perfectly obedient is Christ. And so Jacob serves as that picture type. Joseph, a type of Christ in many respects. We had spent a lot of time talking about that. Rejected by his brethren and persecuted by them. They are not aware of who he really is. He comes back, is veiled to them. He ends up saving them at his, if you wanna say his second coming. He ends up being the deliverer of those who had rejected him. Every knee ends up bowing to Joseph. So, so many beautiful types through him. Moses, the type of Christ in that he's the Redeemer. He brought the Old Covenant like Jesus brings the New Covenant. He was the one who instituted Passover, looking forward to Christ. He was the law giver where Jesus is the true and greater law giver. He brings us the law of Christ. Joshua, Joshua is the Old Testament Christ in name because Joshua is the name of Christ or Yeshua, where Joshua brought Israel into the earthly temporal promised land, Christ brings us into the true and greater promised land. Because what can you not follow into the promised land? What can not get you into the promised land? Because there's no rest under it. Moses, or the law, here's what I mean, okay. When most of the verses that you read about the promised land in the Old Testament discuss what the promised land offered in the word rest. God regularly says, I will give the promised land to my people where they will experience rest. So the promised land was all about rest. Well, you can only travel so far under Moses, or you can only travel so far under the law. And the law, because it serves as this tutor, but there has to be some point at which you move away from the tutor to Christ himself, or to Joshua, or to Yeshua. And so Moses can only bring the people right up to the border of the promised land, but he could not bring them in because as long as you're under Moses, or as long as you're under what? The law, there is no what? There's no rest, and I think you know that if you have tried to be saved by works and by keeping the law. You might have a good day where you keep a few more commands than other times, but even that's an important distinction There's no such thing as keeping multiple laws. There's not, some people, and it's not just semantics. There's one law that has 613 commands. There's not 613 laws. It's meant to be viewed as a unit. You have all of it or you have none of it. People treat the Old Testament law or the Mosaic law like a buffet, and they kind of pick and choose what they want and what they don't want from it, and it's not presented. That way, I think it's James 2.10 that says to break part of the law is to break the law. So you can only go so far under those 613 commands and there's no rest while you're trying to keep all of them. You've got to move under Joshua where you can find true rest when you enter the promised land. And that's why the promised land is a picture of the Christian life. Does that make sense? I love the hymns, but the hymns act as though the promised land is heaven. And it's not, because what are you not gonna be doing in heaven? fighting battles and so forth. Just one more thing. Do you remember the part, do you remember the point in Joshua where he's feeling pretty good and I just love this because it reminds me of the Christian life. Joshua's feeling pretty good and he comes to the Lord and the Lord says to him, there is still much what? There's still much land to take. There's still more for you. And I like that because if the promised land is a picture of Christ, there's always more of Christ to obtain. There's always more of him to take. We never reach a point in our Christian lives where we say, I have everything I can have in, I mean, I have everything I can have in Christ, spiritually speaking, the graces and gifts he offered, but I can always learn more, I can always grow more. It's one of the real great encouragements for me as a pastor. One of the biggest blessings for me as a pastor, I don't think I've ever said this before, but I'm realizing how true it is, is older people I see who are still learning and passionate. There's very few things are as encouraging to me as older people in the church who come and just keep learning and being students and growing and are still passionate about the Lord. Few things can be as encouraging as that. And that's what God says to Joshua. He says, you're old, Joshua, but there's still more for you to be able to do, still more ground for you to take, a picture of the Christian life. Jim? all the strongholds that we see Joshua wiping out, equate to the strongholds of our lives. Especially since Israel is a person and Jacob, as you described, then it means that the Promised Land, like you were just describing, is our surrendering, our entire pureness. Yeah, yeah, very good. And Chris is completely right because what is the one stronghold Israel didn't take? What was the phenomenal loss they experienced that they didn't expect after having such a great victory? Only, you know, moments earlier it was AI. They go out and they lose at AI and God is making this point that there's unrepentant sin. And when there's unrepentant sin, that's a stronghold that can't be taken down. for a stronghold to be taken down is for sin to be removed, and there's no progress. And so it's interesting, I mean, they defeated Jericho and then lost at this tiny, it's not even really a city, they lose the settlement. But there's a picture in the Christian life of the absence of progress when there's unrepentant sin in the camp, or in our lives, or in the church. Okay, anything else before we move on? Okay, all the judges respectively serve as pictures or types of Christ in the way that they were deliverers and redeemers of God's oppressed people. And the really interesting judge, and I'll tell you something right now, and I wanna invite you to just kinda keep this in mind, because it might be a little bit of a nagging question with you, especially when we look at Abigail. You might be hesitant to want to embrace a person as a type or shadow because of that person's sin or disobedience. But if you're only going to find types who never sinned or were never disobedient, you'll never find any types. Does that make sense of what I'm saying? Because every person who is a type or shadow of Christ was a sinner. If there was a type or shadow that never sinned, then that person would be the reality or substance themselves. They would be Christ. They would be the sinless, righteous sufferer on this side of heaven. And so every type has, and I tell you that before I mention this next one, Samson. You can almost look at Samson and say, oh, what a flawed, failed man. How can Samson serve as this picture or this type of Christ? But what's beautiful is when did Samson accomplish his greatest victory? in his death, and that's the type with Christ with Samson. Samson accomplished his greatest victory. He destroyed or conquered, that's what it says, and he defeated a lot of enemies in his life. I mean, Samson did some tremendous stuff in his life, but it was truly his death that brought about the greatest victory. You see the type with Christ, right? It's only through Christ's death that the real victory could be accomplished. His sacrificial, Samson's sacrificial death. David, a type of the shepherd king. Solomon is a type of Christ. So when you're reading, I would say, when you're reading about Solomon and the glory of his kingdom, you need to look beyond that to the millennial kingdom. The description of Solomon's earthly kingdom is primarily meant to illustrate or reveal the glories of Christ's kingdom during the millennium. So if you don't, I think it's in 1 Corinthians 10, if you don't look past that or deeper to see the glory of Christ's kingdom, then you're really kind of missing what God wants to reveal through that. And similarly, the other way that Solomon serves as a picture type of Christ is through his wisdom. So Solomon, you could say it like this, Solomon was wise, but Jesus was wisdom, incarnate, the embodiment of wisdom. Wisdom coming, or the word of God, coming from heaven to earth, and a person became the wisdom of God, and that's Christ, but prefigured or foreshadowed through Solomon. And even the way that the Queen of Sheba comes from the ends of the earth to hear Jesus' wisdom is prefiguring people coming, someone in the Gospels, but more clearly during the millennium from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Christ. And do you remember one of the other odd things? Doesn't it almost look like Solomon is practically worshiped? I mean, when you're reading those chapters, you almost get uncomfortable. with the amount of adoration that Solomon was receiving. Am I the only one that kind of looks and thinks, man, the world's going a little too far in their love and affection for Solomon, right? I mean, it's not super easy traveling. The guy already had so much gold, silver is worthless and they think that he needs more. They need to bring him all these gifts. So you kind of start looking and it's like, what is going on there? Well, what's going on is the almost worship, adoration, Attention that Solomon's receiving as the ends of the earth are coming to him is prefiguring the second coming of Christ when the ends of the earth truly come for his wisdom and to worship him and to bring him gifts. Any thoughts or questions or anything? All right, oh, and one other, I feel I might regret if I don't mention it, but Solomon built the earthly physical temple or house of God. Why is Jesus greater? He builds the spiritual house of God, right? I think it's in Hebrews 3 where it talks about that. Jeremiah was a type of Christ in a few different ways, primarily his rejection at the hands of his brethren. There's this really terrible moment, I think it's in Jeremiah 10, where he learns that there is this plot or this conspiracy against him, and God basically tells Jeremiah, it's worse than you think. because the plot is from your own family, your own brethren, which must have been devastating. And so the way that Jeremiah suffered at the hands of the Jews when he was this preacher of righteousness, and Jeremiah is also one of the clearest pictures of Christ's death and resurrection when what moment took place in his life? What took place in Jeremiah's life that prefigured or foreshadowed Christ's death and resurrection along with Joseph, huh? He's thrown into the well or he's thrown I mean, you can look in Psalms, the language of Christ going down into the pit and coming back up. There's language of being down in the mire. I mean, well, that has its clearest association with Jeremiah thrown into that well and then being raised up or brought up out of it, a picture of Christ's resurrection from the pit himself. Okay, also Jeremiah was the weeping prophet. which kind of makes us think of Jesus who was the man of sorrows, right? That great typology there. Okay, anything else before we move on from that? Or observations or anything? Okay, this morning we're gonna look at Abigail. And it's interesting, I think this might be the first time that I've talked about a type during Sunday school. Normally I've preached on types from the pulpit, so here's what I have to do. If I wonder, if something is part of a type and I'm not certain, I don't include it in the sermon so that I can be very safe from the pulpit. So you might not know this, but when I preach on a type from the pulpit, there's usually three to five other things that I thought might be part of the typology that I did not include, just because I think it's a little bit of a stretch, I'm not totally certain, and so I just kind of want to be safe from the pulpit. Well, here, what I decided to do was I would like to share with you everything I can find, and then at the end of next Sunday's school, we'll talk, and you can share if a couple of these you think are a stretch. And there's at least one or two that I think is a stretch, but I included it just because I want to see your thoughts and we can be interactive. Something we can't do from the pulpit. But this is a challenge with every single type, because with every type, you're looking into something, you're drawing the association with Christ, And sometimes you can see associations that might not really be there and just wonder if that's the case or not. And that's why it's always a little bit tricky with them. Okay, any questions or anything? Yes, Jim. Yes. Yeah, well Ruth was a, I mean, you especially see the kinsmen redeemer. If Ruth actually serves as a picture or type What is the picture or type that she serves as of? Man, that was super bad English, wasn't it? Ruth is a stronger picture or type of something other than Christ. The church, us, yes, yes. So when I think about Ruth, I think Christ is absolutely revealed through the book of Ruth as our what? Kinsman Redeemer, Ruth is the Kinsman Redeemer book. If you want to read about Christ being our Kinsman Redeemer, it is the book of Ruth that you go to. And I think Ruth serves as that picture of the church, which then makes which individual the picture type of Christ? Boaz. So there's this parable, and this is why I, probably most people are against me, and that's totally fine, I can handle it. And if you disagree with me, you'll find John MacArthur disagrees with me, lots of other people. There's a parable Jesus teaches about the pearl of great price where he says that there is an individual that bought the land for the treasure or the pearl that came with it. And what everyone wants to do is they want to be the hero that buys the land. And I don't like that. And so I interpret this parable totally oppositely of almost everyone else because I don't think it's what we've done for Christ. I think it's what he's done for us. But the reason I hold to this interpretation is it's foreshadowed in the book of Ruth, where Boaz comes on the scene. Let me ask this, did Boaz want the piece of land? No, he wanted what came with the land, which was Ruth. Just like Christ doesn't care about the earth, he comes and redeems the earth for the bride that comes with it, or in that parable, he buys the land for the pearl or the treasure that comes with it. which is, in that case, Ruth, or the picture of the bride, or the church. Anyone, and what was the other one you said? Daniel. Daniel, I mean, his, what, was there something in particular? Well, I just haven't mentioned it, he's a big figure, but, you know, maybe, you know, he's doing miraculous things, but he's sort of, in kind of a, how can I put this, he doesn't necessarily initiate, well, he initiates the first one, but, you know, as I've pointed out before, He volunteers to interpret Nebuchadnezzar's dream and then he goes home and prays about it. He doesn't pray first any more than David does when he rushes out to deal with Goliath. And so Shadrach and Meshach and all, they were kind of bullied into that situation. So I was just curious. Okay, I think we definitely see Christ through the book of Daniel. He is this Christ, the pre-incarnate Christ. It's what's known as a Christophany or an Old Testament appearance of Christ is there in the flames, you know, when they're thrown into the fiery furnace, they see the Son of Man in there. That would be one of the clearest, you know, activities of the angel of the Lord or Christ in the Old Testament. I'm not as, I can look up, but I'm not as familiar with different ways that Daniel himself served as a Christ, as a picture of Christ, although I'm sure there's wonderful ways, his righteousness, his prayer life, his innocence, there's nothing Rare is the person, even the greatest people in scripture generally have some number of negative things about them recorded. Daniel is one of the individuals that gets to go down on the pages of scripture. He wasn't sinless, but he's presented in such a way that there's nothing wrong or bad that he ever did, that there's at least a record of it. Maybe the innocence or beauty or perfection or something. Okay, so one of the objections you're gonna have with Abigail, let's just cover it right now, this seems to be a hotly contested question with her, is whether her actions were justified or not. And so I've kind of moved in my thinking, because here's what happens. Abigail goes and basically saves her husband. And so the ends justify the means. Did Abigail really save her husband? I would say no, because what happened with him? God killed him. So you gotta kinda ask whether Abigail was doing what God wanted, because if God wanted Abigail to save Nabal through Abigail, then why did God kill him right after that? So we'll talk more about that as we go through the verses, but I'll say this. Don't let Abigail's disobedience, or possible disobedience if you don't think she was disobedient, ruin the type for you, because as I said earlier, every type was disobedient, every type sinned, there was no perfect person who could serve as a type of Christ. That's not the main point. The main point of this is that there's things she did that reveal the work and the ministry of Christ, or there's ways in which she acted that accomplished for Nabal what Christ ends up accomplishing for us. All right, look at verse one with me. We'll go through these verses that don't deal with the typology yet pretty quickly, but I think it's important to understand the story. Samuel died, all Israel. Actually, someone want to read for me? I've been talking a lot. Someone want to read verses 1 through 3 nice and loudly? Eldon, are you going to put your hand? Sorry, yes. First Samuel 25, verses 1 through 3, loudly. Now Samuel died, and all Israel assembled and mourned for him. And they buried him in his house at Ramah. Then David rose and went to the wilderness for a run. and there was a man in Maon whose business was in Carmel. The man was very rich. He had 3,000 sheep and 1,000 goats. He was sharing his sheep in Carmel. Now the name of the man was Nabal, and the name of his wife Abigail. The woman was discerning and beautiful, but the man was harsh and badly behaved. He was a Calebite. All right, so David and his men are on the run from Saul, And they need to provide for themselves. And they can't just go and get a typical job somewhere, go to the unemployment office. And so one of the things that they would do is they would offer their services. And this was pretty common in the ancient world. So we kind of look, and because it might seem uncommon to us, although the closest would be there are people that service security for a living. You know, that's what they do, whether it's protecting, you know, something really honorable or whether they're serving as someone that protects bars and throws people out of bars. We do know that these are professions. And so in the ancient world, it was common for individuals to protect towns or villages. You don't have to turn there, but a couple of chapters earlier, I think it's 1 Samuel 23, David and his men protected the town of Keilah. Do you remember that? They protected Keilah from the Philistines, and then very tragically, Keilah turned David and his men over to Saul, or were going to if they hadn't fled. But this is how David and his men were making a living. And when you have attracted guys like David had attracted, who were, I mean, I don't know a better way to say it. It seems like their profession was militaristic. Some of them were very violent. And he did change them as their leader or king, as Christ does with us. But they weren't a bunch of timid gentlemen. Many of them were more like mercenaries or soldiers than anything else. And so it was very fitting. And under the leadership of David, for the most part, they were very godly and honorable people. Even when they wanted to do some ungodly things, like let me drive this spear through Saul, or let me go and chop his head off, David would still restrain them. But it was common for them to protect cities and towns and to protect flocks. And so in this account, they're gonna go and they're gonna protect the flocks of Nabal. And it would be very reasonable for them to be compensated for their services by the owner of the flock that they're protecting. So someone wanna read verses four through nine. Four through nine. All right, Jake, nice and loudly. wilderness that Nabal was shearing his sheep. David sent ten young men, and David said to the young men, go up to Carmel, go to Nabal, and greet him in my name. And thus you shall say to him who lives in prosperity, peace be to you, peace to your house, and peace to all that you have. Now I have heard that you have shearers. Your shepherds were with us, and we did not hurt them, nor was there anything missing from them all the while they were in Carmel. Ask your young men, and they will tell you. Therefore, let my young men find favor in your eyes. When we come on a peace day, please give whatever comes to your hand to your servants and to your son David. So when David's young men came, they spoke to Nabal according to all these words in the name of David and waited. Okay, so shepherds, you know, they got a rod, they got a staff, but they're not out there to fight battles. And so they could easily be preyed on, which is one of the reasons it was common for flocks. For the shepherds, to be protected by, for the shepherds themselves who were protecting the flocks to have people protecting them. And so David's men acted very honorably. It's reported that they didn't take anything. And you can imagine that David and his men very easily could have been dishonorable. They could have easily slaughtered the shepherds. They could have taken the flocks for themselves. but instead it says that they, I can't remember if we read it in these verses or not, but like we're a wall to them, protecting them and keeping them safe. It says they did us no harm, we missed nothing all the time that they were with us in verse seven. So they were just this great blessing and the servants of Nabal all spoke very positively about David and his men and their services. Now the time of shearing, probably because of supply and demand and I suspect because wool wouldn't be worth as much today, But back then, the time of shearing would be a huge time of financial gain for shepherds, because this is when, this is like their harvest, you know, if you were a farmer. They have grown these flocks, this is the time that they're gonna shear them, they're gonna come out with all this wool, and they're gonna have this huge influx of money. And so this was, so David had patiently waited to ask for any compensation he had served without any agreement, very graciously. And now that it's time for shearing, he knows that this is the appropriate time to go and to ask for some compensation for his services. And Nabal would expect this. I think just because this is such a sort of foreign situation to us, you could look at this and think it's a little odd and then say, well, you know, maybe that's why Nabal responded the way he did because it would just, because we're unfamiliar with it. But no, the truth is this was a very, common situation in the ancient world, and Nabal would definitely expect, he would have heard that David's men were protecting his flocks, which he would have enjoyed, and he would have expected at some point that David is going to come and ask for compensation for his services. But when that happens, look at verse 10, Nabal answered and said to David's servants, who is David? Who is the son of Jesse? And if you pause right there, Obviously an honorable person would have paid David. A dishonorable person like Nabal acts like nobody even knows who David is. By this point, who knew who David was? Not just all Israel, but even the Philistines. Because if you remember, it hasn't happened yet, but soon after this, David is going to flee to Philistia and he and his men are going to be part of the Philistine army and on the edge of going out to battle against the Israelites when the Philistine leaders look out and see David and say, what? Isn't this the guy that they sang has killed his 10,000s? And those 10,000s were 10,000 Philistines, right? And so the point is, everyone knows who David is. It's even reached Philistia. So this is nothing more from Nabal than an insult. He's acting like David is a nobody. He definitely knew who David was. He even knew that his father was Jesse. Okay, verse 10 goes on. What's this referring to? What's this referring to? This is referring to David breaking away from who? Saul, but it's making David look like he's a very what? Rebellious person right who wouldn't serve as master when really David broke away from Saul because Saul was throwing spears at him trying to kill him a very reason if you're ever working for someone and the person throws a spear at you and tries to kill you then that's a very reasonable time to break away from that person cut the contract you know no longer be employed by them right so David broke away from Saul and And he did so, I think, very honorably. At this point, he has spared Saul's life in the previous chapter, but Nabal just acts like he's this rebellious, evil person that shouldn't get any money, verse 11. Shall I take, John, go ahead. No, you're fine, go ahead. Something could have been resurrected in David's feelings from when he was a young man, when Samuel came to anoint the king, and his father called all his sons there, and who was missing? Yeah, David. David was missing, The youngest. Yeah. Yeah, I definitely put this in the T-chart of David's life. You've got the good and then the bad. This is like the bad. This is a low point for David when you're going to go slaughter a whole bunch of men because you're upset about an insult. You know that's probably a low point in your life. But John's making a good point that it could have brought back memories from when his dad had mistreated him and acted as though he was this worthless individual who should be discarded, left out there with the sheep, which is very parallel to what is taking place here with Nabal. Did I capture that, what you're saying? Okay, good. All right, so then he says in verse 11, should I take my bread and my water and my meat that I have killed for my shearers and give it to men who come from I don't even know where? And so he sounds a lot like the rich fool. Remember my, my, my, my, my, me, me, me, me, me. So this reveals Nabal's selfishness right here. Verse 12, someone wanna read verses, 12 and 13, loudly. Jack, go ahead. All right. So I think he clearly responds in the flesh here. It's definitely over the top. Even if David thought that he should go and kill Nabal, there's no reason to think that he should go kill all of these men who all have, or many of them, I'm assuming, have wives, have children. This just would have been a devastating incident for this whole community. So David responds terribly, but God very graciously, it is a real grace of God to meet David and prevent him from doing something terrible. So all right, I've got 10.45. We can stop there. If you can't, if you're afraid you won't keep this with you, then you can just bring it back here and I'll pass it back out next week. But do me a favor, don't use this to try to find all the answers. But if you want, read the second half of this chapter this week and look for the ways that you see Abigail serving as a type of Christ, okay? So read the second half of the chapter this next week and look for that. Father, we thank you for this time this morning, and I pray that we would develop familiarity with your word and see the ways that our Lord and Savior, your son Jesus, is revealed through the pages of the Old Testament. We thank you for him and pray that our faith would grow as we see how you wrote history in advance, wrote the history of your son in advance. I pray that our love for Jesus would grow as we see the beautiful ways that he has served us and acted as our kinsman and redeemer, acted as our been our Passover sacrifice for us, as he's been our deliverer, as Moses was, and as he has redeemed us. And so we thank you for him and what he's done. I pray you'll be with Pastor Nathan as he preaches during the worship service and continue to keep our hearts sensitive and receptive to the seed you wanna plant during that time. And we ask all this in Jesus' name, amen. Amen, amen, you're dismissed.