page 404 of Footsteps of Messiah. We're getting into chapter 19, the four facets of the final restoration of Israel. The idea of this section of Israel in the Messianic Kingdom, you have to understand that the major theme obviously in the Old Testament was the final restoration of Israel and them coming back to faith. Again, I have made this point before. I know I'm preaching to the choir, but it always needs to be stated. the majority of churches do not see a final restoration of the nation of israel which is beyond me i don't get it i don't understand it if you read the old testament it's all in there it's all predicted and if you read the new testament it's in there the apostle paul says all israel will be saved i don't know what you do with passages like that but the majority of the church has become replacement theology and they just don't see any significance of Israel at all, which I just don't get. This is not talked about, it's not discussed, it's not preached, it's nothing. It's like a non-issue and this is like a major wheel in the spoke of theology. You miss out on Israelogy, you're missing out on the bulk, the bulk of Old Testament of major and minor prophets and so anyway I know I'm preaching to the choir but this is a major deal to understand because if you don't understand Israel you're not going to understand the rest of the Bible Israel is the key to understanding in hermeneutics well the four facets of final restoration of Israel we're gonna look at in depth and the first one obviously is the basis of the restoration called the New Covenant I want to read Jeremiah 31-34 and then I have a lot of questions to ask after this, okay? It says this, Behold the days come, says Yahweh, I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah. So as you know it's referring to the split that happened in the kingdom when Israel broke up and basically the idea that the new covenant is actually putting them together. Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, that's the Mosaic covenant which was conditional, which my covenant they broke, although I was a husband unto them, says Yahweh. But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says Yahweh. I will put my law in their inward parts, and in their heart will I write it. And I will be their God, and they shall be my people. And they shall teach no more every man his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, Know Yahweh. For they shall all know me. from the least of them unto the greatest of them says Yahweh for I will forgive their iniquity and their sins will I remember no more and that is the main passage and there's other passages as well but that's the main passage of the new covenant now here's my question tell me in that passage as you read it where the church is not there is it I want you to sit on that for a little bit you really have to think through this one okay This is the new covenant. Jesus said this is the new covenant made in my blood. Remember, the Lord suffered, this do it as often as you drink it in remembrance of me. So the new covenant is made in the Messiah's death, but yet the specific passage is dealing with Israel, not the church. Let that sink there and then I want to go through some of the stipulations in it. He goes, It's not like the old covenant, the Mosaic covenant, which was conditional, okay? This is an unconditional covenant, like the Abrahamic covenant. And so, God makes it, and it's the Messiah who's actually gonna make sure it gets done, if that makes sense. So it's not dependent on Israel's reaction. It's going to get done. It's a unilateral covenant, just like the land covenant, Davidic covenant, and Abrahamic, okay. He says, I'm going to make it after those days. Those days refer to the day of the Lord. It's after those days. So there's a hint here that Israel's final restoration comes at the end of the tribulation. We'll get really specific when you see Hosea chapter 6, I believe, when it says it's three days prior to the second coming that they actually get saved. So it's very late into the tribulation. Okay? So there's a timing element. So anyone that wants to do replacement theology and making the church Israel, well, what does it mean then if the church is Israel after those days? That means after the tribulation. That doesn't make sense as far as the church is concerned. If the church is the new Israel. So you can see the inconsistency of replacement theology and all that. Because they take it as, well, we're the new Israel. So I guess no one in the church would be saved until the tribulation. I mean, in theory, that's what this passage would say. I'm not trying to confuse you. I'm just saying that's how stupid replacement theology is. It doesn't make sense. But then he says, I will put my law in their inward parts, or basically on their heart, and in their heart, I will write it, and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. Now, the idea of putting the law on the inward parts is this. Israel's main problem is they would always fail to keep the law. But under the new covenant, they will be regenerated, and that regeneration gives them the power to keep the law. Well, under the new covenants, the law of the Messiah, okay? So they always lacked it, but now with regeneration, the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, and the new nature, they now have the ability to actually keep it. That's an application for us in just a bit, okay? So that's something brand new that's never happened before to them. Now imagine trying to obey in the Old Testament without the power of the Holy Spirit and without the new nature. This is why sometimes when you look at the Old Testament, we kind of do a shame on you type of thing to the Old Testament believers, but they lacked the power to keep law. They struggled with it, and that's why you'll see so many of them break it. So many of them go back into sin because they did not have the power that you and I have available to us today. We are in a very privileged position now of being in the Messiah because you do have the power to keep the law, not Mosaic law, but law of Christ, and you have the aid of the new nature that wants to actually obey. I'll come back to that. Then he says, I will be their God and they should be my people. That's where God actually remarries Israel. Because as you remember in the Old Testament, God divorced Israel for spiritual adultery. He divorces her. Because they went after all kinds of foreign gods. And so now this is a remarriage back to Yahweh. So they recommit to each other. They're my people. The Amin is what's referred there. But then this. They shall teach no more every man his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, Know Yahweh, for they shall all know me from the least of them unto the greatest of them, says Yahweh." What's that referring to? Well, the idea of knowing is the Old Testament's way of saying saved. They will all be saved from the least to the greatest. If you just take it on face value, what is it claiming? Every Jew will be saved. And that is perpetual throughout the kingdom. There'll never be another Jew lost after Israel gets restored. And that's what a lot of people miss. There will be no unbelieving Jew in the millennial kingdom. Everybody in the Jewish genealogy will be saved. And that's with free will. That's not a Calvinistic forcing their hand. It's a promise to the nation of Israel that once the new covenant is enacted by Yahweh, there will be no more lost Jews anymore. They will not have to say, no Yahweh, because knowing Yahweh, everyone knows them. Every Jew accepts them. And it's hard for us to grasp, I guess, in some sense, because we understand like today, people get saved and then some don't, and the majority of people don't get saved. And we know even in the church, there's fake believers pretending to be believers. And so we have the wheat and the tares growing together. But then to just do a blanket statement saying, no, all of them are gonna be saved. That's really foreign to you and I. That's very foreign, yeah. Yeah, it's all Israel will be saved, but then moving forward, they're kids. in the millennium will all be saved. There will never be a grandkid not ever saved. In fact, that's where the whole reversal of Israel happens to where they actually become the nation they were supposed to be. So it's perpetual. It's not just, it's just not the Jewish tribulation saints. When they come to the age of accountability, they all get saved. It's not a Calvinistic thing. It's not a forcing thing. It's just a promise. Well, it's, I guess, somewhat similar, but it's different in other respects, because someone dying before the age of accountability, it's an automatic, they go to heaven. But this is that every Jew actually comes to faith on their own volition, whereas a child doesn't express faith because they die before they can actually do that. But this is a guarantee that everyone gets saved. A guarantee. That's really different. The rabbis in the tribulation? No, Messiah is the teacher. Not necessarily. There are physicians that Israel will be evangelistic to the Gentiles. There's no doubt about that. And they will teach the Gentiles about Yahweh. But not necessarily in the terms of rabbi like you and I know. That all of Israel will do this. From the least to the greatest will go out and spread the good news of Yahweh to the Gentile nations during the millennial reign, every one of them, which was what they were supposed to do originally. Yeah, going into it, yeah, yeah. And then from there, we see in the millennial reign, there's a population explosion of the Jewish people to where it just go crazy as far as population. You could get into figures into the billions quick. And every one of them saved. They do, yeah, they will have a priesthood. Of the line of Zadok. Bingo, you got it. You got it. There's where the distinction starts happening. That Gentiles then die at 100, like Dick is saying, if they don't make their decision for Christ. If they do, they live on through the whole millennial reign. But a Jew will always accept Christ, so there's no death penalty. They will always accept Christ in the millennial reign. Now, here's the question. How can this be if God is not forcing the situation? Yeah, what about children though, coming to faith in Yahweh during the millennium? Yeah, they are teaching them, that's true. So then, so you put all this together, what's happening here? Ah, very good. Very good, and you guys have got it. That God is using his foreknowledge to know what's going on with these people. And obviously, what Dick is mentioning is that the environment is conducive for the Jews to come to faith in Yahweh, which dovetails into foreknowledge. Because here's where those two issues come together in one passage, and it's in Acts 17. So Paul's on Mars Hill and he says this in verse 26, and he has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on the face of the earth and has determined their pre-appointed times and boundaries of their dwellings. That's a stop right there. We know that God's in control and Paul is saying, he predetermined the time that we would live in and the place we would live in. So catch the term, time and place is key. This is Acts 17, 26. So Paul makes this statement and it's a statement based on foreknowledge. So why does God put people at certain times in certain places when they got born, right? Or where they live geographically on planet earth, why? He answers, so that they should seek the Lord in the hope that they might grope for him and find him though he is not far from each one of us. Did you see that? He puts people in the time and place that gives them the best advantage to come to faith in Him. Hence, if I marry this with the new covenant being issued to Israel, what are we saying then? That God knows to place those certain Jews in the kingdom because that makes it conducive for them to come to faith in Him by not only the environment they're in, but the time period they're in. So what's the opposite of that? What's the opposite if he put you in the wrong time and the wrong place? What would happen? You wouldn't look for him. So that comes down to your own personal walk with the Lord. His act of grace to you and I, for us to be saved was to put you in this era and make you born in America. If you were born in China, if you were born in the 1800s, you would not have come to faith in Him. Everything was working against you in any other time, in any other place. So, no human being that has ever walked the face of the earth will be able to say, it wasn't fair that you gave me the parents that I gave, that was born in this country, or was born in that. No, God's gonna say, no, I put you in the most advantageous place for you to come to faith in me, and you didn't. So, the fact that you came to faith in Messiah you had help, God's grace helped you to do that. And you have to see that. Now, did he allow your free will to happen? Of course he did. But he gave you every advantage to come to him. And the same is true then in the millennial kingdom that he knows that he has basically those Jews in his mind who will all accept him in that environment and in that time, and he can guarantee that because of his foreknowledge. Not that he's controlling it, controlling the belief system in the person, but he can put him in that time and ensure that everyone comes to faith in him because of that. That's how foreknowledge works. And foreknowledge, do not get it confused with determinism. Just because God foreknows something doesn't mean He causes it. That's not the definition of foreknowledge, even though a Calvinist will define foreknowledge like that. Foreknowledge is simply God foreknowing something, even though He doesn't determine it. Is He still in control? Yes, but He has allowed freedom to happen. And that's kind of how you balance all of this out when you're looking at this. Course in God's foreign logic every Jew will be saved perpetually in the kingdom age Okay, so this lends into a next question then who rebels against Jesus in the Millennial Kingdom Following it's the Gentiles, but if the Gentiles are die at a hundred if they don't come to faith, then what specific generation is rebelling? It is the last one. It is the tenth generation of Gentiles that actually rebel against Messiah. So now you see a very narrowing of who actually rebels against Jesus. Because before that, you die. You won't live past a hundred years old, according to Isaiah 65, if you don't make a decision for faith. Okay. Now the harder question. Any questions so far? Yes. No, not in that sense. In this sense, you would only have people living a hundred years old and then they die. If you come to faith in Jesus, you live for a thousand years as a Gentile. Generations could be 40, 70, 100, 120. It just depends on the context. In that generation, those generations last a hundred years. You don't make a decision on the day before you're a hundred years old, you die the next day, you're physically killed. So it's an increments of hundreds of the thousand year millennials, which is 10 hundred year timespans, kind of like the 10 commandments kind of thing. I saw another hand somewhere. Yeah, of course, if you reverse what Acts is saying, and if you read it in reverse, then yes, putting you in the 1500s, putting you in 300 BC, wherever on planet Earth, you would have been lost for sure. For who? No, no, no, no, no. I'm saying that for you specifically, you born in any other time period, you wouldn't have come to faith. Not for other people. for you, for you, for you, specifically. No, but the people in the 1800s, that was the most advantageous for them. The people in the 1700s, that's the most advantageous for them. But for you specifically, it's now. Does that make sense? Any other time period that you and I, if I was put into 500 AD, I would have probably not been saved. Because God knew what what would help me come to find him. And it was to be born in 1973 and live my life through this time period of life. And so that's Paul's argument to the Athenians is, he has done this as an act of grace to all human beings. So this idea, this argument, well, what about the African in Uganda that's never heard the gospel, Bologna? He has been given an advantageous position. Born in Africa is advantageous to Him. Born at this time period or whenever is advantageous to Him for seeking Yahweh. So that's why Paul can say no one is with excuse. It's an unbelievable witnessing thing that God has done to people. So the reverse then is true. Now on the other flip side, if I flip that over, then the negative is true as well, that I wouldn't have been saved in 1700s if I lived in England or with the Plymouth Brethren on, you know, in Massachusetts, I would not have been saved. I would have been lost. It would have been a disadvantage for me, I guess, if that makes sense. So for these Jews, their advantage is to be in the millennial kingdom and be saved. And so God can reserve that. Okay. Yeah, I mean, there's probably millions of factors that go into why you exist and the people you're interacting with and the circumstances and the dynamics that you were involved in. I sometimes think about this and I must be pretty soft And what I mean by that is I didn't grow up in Saudi Arabia in the 500s. I didn't grow up in the Middle Ages in England during the Black Death. which tells me I'm pretty weak and what I mean by that is those people live very difficult lives and I look at that my life compared to them is very cushiony so to speak you know I mean I'm not suffering with the black death and I'm not having infant mortality rates of you know a hundred percent almost in some areas. I'm not living to Well, in some places in the world, 500 years, you weren't living past 30, 35 years old. You'd be dead by now. And you see how harsh the climates that people have lived in, and yet that was advantageous for them to come to faith in Jesus. So when I look at that, I have to sometimes think, wow, if I would have been put in that harsh environment, it was probably a guarantee I would have went straight to hell. I would not have reacted well to that environment. I would not have sought the Lord. In fact, I probably would have been very angry or something or turned into a little pagan running around worshiping a demon or something. Something, I don't know. I mean, when you start thinking through that, you're thinking, oh, wow, I'm pretty soft. that I had to have a pretty cushy environment to come to faith in Jesus, otherwise I wouldn't have. Ooh, that's not a good thought, I don't wanna go there. But God knew me and says, I gotta put you in a cushioned little place of America and you're gonna grow up in a very affluent society and that will be the best environment for you to find me. Oh, okay. Well, it's cushiony, I guess cushiony compared to, comparatively to like living in the middle ages in England where it was just dreary and you know, bingo, you got it. It's a universal principle that Paul states. It's not time-bound. It's from Adam and Eve to the end that God selected people to live at certain times in certain places because of the advantage it would give them. It's a pretty amazing thought that like, okay, if you took, for instance, Moses out of that environment and put him into the 21st century, he would not have been saved. or David out of his environment, or just taking people in and out, so God in His omniscience and foreknowledge knows, because He created us, where to put us that would make it conducive for everyone to be saved. That's absolutely brilliant on God's part. It's amazing that He would even go there and do that for us. The what now? Acts 17, 26 through 27. Acts 17, 26 through 27, yes. Well, again, you're dealing with counterfactuals at this point. What we're just saying is, what God is saying is, I'm giving you the best advantage. But if I put you in another one, you're at a disadvantage. That's what he's saying. And so basically, if you do percentages, you have a better percentage of getting saved now. The same thing would be true for Billy Graham. The same thing would be true for anybody. Possible, but it is your best bet. is your best bet. It's more than likely that, yeah, if you're in a different time period or different part of the world, you're not coming. I mean, for instance, if he placed you in Central America in 100 A.D. with the Aztecs and Mayans, good chance you were not coming. Good chance you're not gonna find him. And probably you have a real good chance of being some heathen Mayan, pulling the hearts out of people and sacrificing them to the sun god. You know what I mean? And does God know what people are going to do before he creates them? Of course he does. That's part of omniscience. And sometimes it's hard to get our brains wrapped around this because we're getting into a realm where God is. And he knows millions of counterfactuals that you and I don't know. And that's really hard to get around. God knows counterfactuals. And what that means is he knows how you will react in every possible circumstance he could put you in. And there's probably a thousand ways you would react and he knows every thousand ways of whatever, which is amazing. that if you drive out today out of this lot and he knows whether you're going to turn right or turn left, he knows whether or not that turn right will put you into another lane where you could actually squash a bug and then someone hits that bug and slips on that bug and breaks their leg. And you think, it's that complicated? Yeah, they're actually trying to make movies trying to do this. It's like, what happens if you go left? Well, if you go left and you don't squash the bug, that guy doesn't fall and break his leg, but then he goes into the apartment and kills somebody. So it would have been better for you to turn right or left. It would have been better for you to turn right, hit a bug, him slip on the bug, break his leg so he doesn't go in and kill somebody. And you just keep going like that. And before you know it, you're into about 1,000 counterfactuals that is almost impossible for you to grasp, but God knows every counterfactual that could possibly happen if you turn right or left. Before you know it, your mind goes on tilt, but that's what he knows. So does he guide you? Yes. Does he give you the freedom to do what you want? Yes. Does he know every move you're going to make? Yes. Does he know the thousands of consequences from your moves? Absolutely. And that's when you start going on tilt. I can't go any further than that, man. It starts really getting over my head quick. Instantly. It's not linear. Yeah, so the people he's put in your life, you may not like the people he's put in your life, but that's part of what Paul's trying to get at here, is that those sticks in the mud that you have to deal with, the jerks, because we all appreciate the good people in our lives, and we think, hey, thank God for them, right? But the little jerks, the stupid relatives that can't get their acts straightened out, Do you know they actually are helping your environment? I know they're really a thorn in your side, I get it. And you would like to get rid of them. But God is saying, I have to put that in there because if not, there's about a million counterfactuals that will happen to you if I don't have that person in your life irritating you. You will get away. And that's the thing where when you're in heaven, you can ask God, well, why did you let this guy bother me or let this gal be a thorn in my side or let my adult child be an idiot? Why did I have to deal with him? And he's gonna be able to tell you, let me sit down and let me spend some time in showing you a thousand things that would have happened had I not allowed that to happen. Yeah, you would have eventually gotten thrown in jail. What? Yeah, you would have been a rageaholic. and you would have spent about 20 years of your life in jail had I not put that person in your life. What? Yeah, I saved you from jail, dude. Or whatever, I mean, it'd be things like that, and you're like, okay, gotcha. And about how many more do you want me to go through, he's gonna say. One more, we're up to 1,001 right now. Because if you start complaining about your life and the way it's went, he's got about a thousand things to show you of how it actually could have went and been worse. And you don't want to see that. But you see, Job tried to go there. He tried it. And he got back, I think, like 46 responses by God saying, where were you? How am I going to explain this to you? Because you're in human form right now, you're not glorified, so you're not gonna be able to grasp what I'm gonna say, but you weren't even there when I started creating things. If you can't explain creation, how am I gonna explain counterfactuals to you? You can't even go there, Job. And before you know it, you're like, all right, dude, I just need to shut up. And that's what he did, right? He says, I need to shut my mouth. In essence, he goes, I got it, I'm gonna shut up right now, I'm good. That's what you learn from Paul. How do you factor or how does he factor him in? Well, he takes him into account into his plan of what you will do. So he already knows what you'll choose in any situation because of foreknowledge. He knows if Jerry gets in this situation, Jerry will choose this guaranteed. It's not a guess. absolutely knows what you will do in a situation based on your maturity levels, where you're at in your life, if you were angry that day, if you were, you had a bad meal, that all goes into his factor and he says, she will react this way. It's the counterfactuals you see in the scripture where like David says, if I go around this way, will Saul kill me? And God says, yeah, absolutely. If you go that way, he's going to kill you. Don't go that way. Or when Jesus says to Capernaum and Bethsaid, if the miracles I would have done in Sodom and Gomorrah that I've done in you, they would have repented. That's a counterfactual that he knew. And so the idea is he takes that into account. He doesn't control your life. He's not, you're a free will creature, but he takes the counterfactuals and then he plans out your life. Are there limits? Yes. You're not able to go fly to the moon right now. There's limits on you, but within that limitation, you have freedom in that limitation that he knows what you're gonna do. Now, knowing that, he can bring circumstances and people into your life to try to warn you, to try to get attention, to try to say, hey, Jerry, think before you do this, and he will do that, but he won't prevent you from doing it. Yeah, so did he cause that? No, he did not cause it. So what you have to understand is he permits, he allows, and he must allow or permit because of one major issue. You know what that one issue is? It's free will. I have given my creatures free will, angels and humans, and I will not interfere with their will. So if you would have saw the Nazis all of a sudden pull out their guns, and when they fired guns at Jews, bubbles would have come out. That would actually be a violation of their free will. How so? They're not free to act. If he stops them, they are no longer free. And that's a hard one to get our minds around. Now, like with Joseph, he will make the quintessential statement after he was sold off to slavery, you meant it for evil, God used it for good. God permitted Joseph to be sold into slavery and use that situation, but he didn't cause Joseph's brothers to want to try to kill him and sell him off. Hence, even with the Nazi Holocaust, he knew it would happen. He knew what Hitler would do. Did he allow it? Of course he allowed it because he's allowing free will creatures to do what they want to do, which is they kill people, okay? But what good came out of the Holocaust? Israel became a nation again. He used the Holocaust to actually get worldwide sympathy to put Israel back on the map again. Now did God cause the Holocaust? Of course he didn't because then you'd have to attribute evil to God and you can't do that because he's good. But the issue then becomes free will and he allows people to make their decisions and people to do wrong to other people. He allowed Cain to kill Abel, did he not? Right? He didn't determine Cain to do that. He allows it. Or anything else for that matter. And so free will is a major issue that comes from God's nature of love. That he gives his creatures, because he loves them, the ability to love him back. To choose him. Otherwise, Free will is an illusion if it's a Calvinistic determinism. By the way, I hate to tell you this, but any of your Calvinistic friends, they have to say that God determined rapes, murders, holocausts, and whatnot, because that's what their theological system teaches. They do not believe in free will like you and I are talking about. They believe in compatibility free will, which is that the creature will only be free in what it wants to do. and that God has to determine what that creature does. So if God determines something, then they do it. Hence, they will say everything's under his minute control that even he directed the rape of an individual or the molestation of an individual. And that's where I get off the boat on Calvinism. Because I say, all right, that's ridiculous. That's the stupidest thing I've ever heard. It's ridiculous. He's not the creator of evil. He's not the determiner of evil. And so it's just like, all right, I'm done. That's pagan. That's why I can't figure out for the life of me why Calvinism is appealing to people. Who would say that God determines evil? They're so hung up on, he's in control. Well, the way I see it, God's more in control if he allows free creatures to do what they need to do and still be in control. That's more control. That's more power. than saying, I can't control what people do, so I have to determine what they do. Well, that's not a very powerful God, if you have to determine people. So yeah, that's the fatal flaw in Calvinism, but for some reason that doesn't seem to register with a lot of them. Because they say, well, God's in control. God's in control. If he's not controlling the rapist out there, then he's not in control. The rapist is in control. Is that how you define sovereignty? is that he controls the actions of people? I mean, that's what they say, right? So they'll come back and say, well, he's gonna say, well, he's either in control or he's not. Who's in control? Is the guy raping the girl in control? If he's in control, then God's not in control, they'll say. I know. See, Calvinism, you're not even saved. They almost bypass the cross and say, well, no, you're saved if God determines you to be saved. And you're like, well, then what's the point of the cross? I don't get it. So actually, election is their salvation, not the cross. Oh, yeah. Right, the frozen chosen, I call them, because they do nothing with their, yeah, once you start getting into it, and I hate to go here, it's really them not making really good theological decisions. It's them making emotional decisions based on binary thinking. They see the world black and white. It makes really easy sense for them. And so it's very appealing on those levels of pride, self-punishment, black and white thinking, superiority thinking, because if you're part of the elect and God chose you and didn't choose other people, so you must be special. I'm telling you, it is a major problem, the neo-Calvinists. Yeah? Is what now? Who? Oh yeah, there is, yeah, there is a lot of that going on with manipulation and from the pulpit when that, because if you can't figure it out unless you have a PhD, it gives the pastor who's doing it a superiority over the lay people that they become very dependent on him. for giving out information because it is very difficult to explain. The Bible is not difficult to explain. Calvinism is difficult to explain. It takes almost a PhD to figure it out because it's so convoluted and it has a lot of contradictions inherently in the system. But in those particular churches, it gives the person a superiority over the average person who's not studied up on that. Bondage of the will. And it's very Catholic, I can tell you that, because Calvin didn't invent it, Augustine did. And Augustine got it from his prior life as a mannequin. Yeah, but... They don't understand the origins of where Calvinism came from. Calvinism came from Augustine. Augustine got it from Manichaeanism, and Manichaeanism is Gnosticism. They got it flat out from dualistic Gnosticism, and the main perpetrator of that was Mani from Iran, who developed Manichaeanism. Well, Manichaean actually appealed to Augustine in his early life, and he was a Manichaean. Well then he becomes a Christian and he's starting to debate against Pelagius and he brings in a lot of his Manichean thought in debating Pelagian and it became Catholic dogma. So when Martin Luther and Calvin broke away, they took with them Augustine. I don't think Calvin was a Calvinist. As far as like today, If you compare like John Piper to Calvin, Calvin is not a Calvinist according to John Piper's Calvinism, if that makes sense. When I say Calvin's not a Calvinist, that's what I mean. I'm saying that tongue in cheek because some of the people today like a Piper or D.A. Carson or R.C. Sproul, who's now dead, are so out of their minds hyper-Calvinistic They're beyond Calvin. They're beyond Luther. They are way over here called hyper-Calvinism. John Piper, I mean, that dude's a six-point Calvinist, man. He's double predestination, baby. He did predestine them to go to hell, and he's not ashamed to say that, that babies that die before accepting Christ were determined to go to hell. Wow, and he has so many followers? Did they not know that? Yikes, who says things like that? That's creepy. Anyway, question that I have to leave you with before we take a break. And this is for next week. If this is for Israel, where does the church play into the new covenant? Because it's made to Israel, not the church. That's part of your homework for next week. That's part of your homework for next week. That's part of your homework for next week. That's part of your homework for next week. That's part of your homework for next week.